Romania is a country, which located in southeastern Europe. it is surrounded by Ukraine and Moldova in the northeast, Hungary and Serbia and Montenegro In the west and Bulgaria to the south along the Danube River. In the southeast, sandy beaches and seaside resorts line Romania's short coastline along the Black Sea. Moreover, Romania is roughly in shape, and it is similar to the state of Oregon in size. Romania's lend scope is dominated bye the Carpathian Mountains, which cuts through the country in a circular are and covers about one-third of Romania's total area Bucharest is the capital and largest city of Romania.

For much of its history, foreign powers such as Ottoman Empire and Austria- Hungary have controlled Romania. When the Roman Empire conquered Romania in 106 AD to form the province of Daeia, the native Thracian peoples adopted the Latin language and many other basic features of Roman life. Romania was established in 1859. It became fully independent in 1878. Romania was a kingdom from 1881 to 1947.

In 1948 communists took control of Romania and modeled the government and economy after those of the USSR, in the 1960s, Romania's communist leaders started to far away them from the Soviet Union and created their independent policies. Romania's economic growth increased speedily during the 1960s and 1970s. But in the 1980s, it slightly slowed down due to some economic hardships. In 1989, Romanians revolted against the country's president and leader Nicola Ceausescu, and in 1990, the first free multiparty elections started in Romania. In March 2004, Romania became an active member of NATO and is also an acceding country to the European Union. The name of Romania comes from Roman, which is a derivative of the word Romanus from Latin.

In 513 BC, south of the Danube, the tribal confederation of the Getae were defeated by Darius. Over half a millennium later, the Getae were defeated by the Roman Empire under. Emperor Trajan in 106 AD, to form the province of Dacia, the native Thracian peoples adopted the Latin language. The Gothic and Corpic campaigns in the Balkans during 238-256 forced the Roman Empire to recognize a new Roman province of Daeia south of Danube, inside former Moesia Superior. In 271-275, due to the invention of Goths, Roman army and administration left Daeia.

During the forth century, the Hang people arrived at Daeia, so the Goths left Daeia. After that the Gepids and the Avers ruled Transylvania until the 8th century. Then after the Bulgars allotted the southern part of Romania in their Empire until 1257. In short, during 1257, many migraters arrived and lived at Romania, but they were failed to influence the local people. The Pechenegs, the Cumans and Uzes were also mentioned by historic chronicles on the territory of Romania until the founding of the Blachian principalities of Wallachia by Basarab I and Moldavia by Dragos during the 13th and 14th centuries. In the middle Ages, Romanians lived in two distinct independent Romanian principalities in which Wallachia and Moldavia were included, moreover in the Hungarian ruled principality of Transylvania.

In 1475, Stephen the Great of Moldavia conquered the Ottoman Empire in the Battle of Bablui. Wallchia and Moldavia would later come gradually under the suzerainty of the Ottoman Empire during the 15th and 16th centaries.1812 the Russian Empire conquered the eastern half Sid Bessarabia of Moldova, the Habsburg Monarchy annexed in 1775 its south eastern part Budjak. At the end of 13th century, Transylvania came under control of the Kingdom of Hungary. The Modern country of Romania was formed in 1859. it became totally independent in 1878. Romania was a kingdom from 1881 to 1947. in 1948 communists took control of Romania and formed the government as well as economy after those of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republic (USSR). In the 1960s Romania's communist leaders began to distance themselves from the Soviet Union and develop independent domestic and foreign policies. Romania's economy grew rapidly during the 1960s and 1970s. But in 1980, due to some hardships, economics growth had been decreased.

In 1989 Romanians revolted against the dictatorship of Nicalae Ceauseascu, the country's president and leader of the Romanian Communist Party. But in December 1989, Ceausescu and his wife formed noncommunist bovernment. And then, in Romania democracy has been established. The first free multiparty elections were held in Romania in 1990. Since that time the government took some steps to improve the economic as well as social condition. In March 2004 Romania formally joined the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). Romania opened membership negotiations with the European Union (EU) in 1999, the nation hopes to achieve admission to the EU in 2007.

In 1989, Romania's Communist regime was removed forcefully. At that time country faced instability in economy, due to a lack of structural reform and an absolete industrial base. Since from 2000, Romanian economy began to improve and today it is succeeded to achieve the goal at stable economy. High growth, low unemployment and increasing foreign investment are the main feathers of Romanian economy. Today it is the most developed country of Europe. Economic growth since 2000 has averaged 4 to 5 %, which is increasing at 8.3% in 2004. This has characterized Romania as a boom economy and one of the fastest growing in Europe. Romania was granted in October 2004, the much desired functional market economy status by EU officials and is expected to join the EU in January 2007.

Romanian is the official language of Romania. Romanian is a Romance language, which derived mainly from Latin. Romanian language includes many words of the Slavic languages the Greek language, the Turkish language, the Hungarian language and the Albanian language. Until the mid- 19th century, Romanian was written using the Cyrillic alphabet. Since that time, Romanians have used a modified Latin alphabet.