The Republic of Ireland is the official description of the sovereign state, which covers approximately five-sixths of the island of Ireland, off the coast of northwest Europe. The country's official name is Ireland.
Irish and English are official languages of Ireland. Ireland is a member of the European Union. Moreover the country has a well-developed economy. The remaining sixth of the island of Ireland is known as Northern Ireland and it is a part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Dublin is a capital as well as the largest city of the country.

Partition and Migration: - Due to the complex constitutional developments the partition of Ireland occurred from 1st January 1801 to 6th December 192, Ireland was part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. From 1845 to 1849 the Irish population of over 8 million fell by 30%. Among them one million Irish died due to starvation and another 1.5 million emigrated.
Early Christian Ireland: - From 1880 under Charles Stewart Parnell, the Irish Parliament Party moved to prominence with its attempts to achieve Home rule. It seemed possible in 1991, when the House of Lords lost their veto and John Redmond secured the Third Home Rule Act 1914. Since 1886, the unionist movement had been growing among Irish Protestants because they were afraid that they would face discrimination and lose economic as well as social privileges if Irish Catholics were to achieve real political power. In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, the movement spreader throughout the country and became stronger in parts of Ulster. But in Ulster, the Protestant population was more strongly located. In 1914, to avoid rebellion in Ulster, the British Prime Minister H.H. Asqith with agreement of the leadership of the Irish Parliamentary Party Leadership, inserted a clause into the bill providing for home rule for 26 of the 32 counties. The Third Home Rule Act 1914's implementation was suspended after the Great War.
Establishment of an Independent Irish State: - In January 1919, after the December 1918 general elections, Ireland's 73 MPS elected were Sinn Fein members, but they refused to take their seats in the British House of Commons. They set up an extra-legal Irish parliament called Dail Eireann. In January 1919, this Dail Eireann issued a Unilateral Declaration of Independence and proclaimed an Irish Republic. After the bitterly fought war of Independence, representatives of the British government and the Irish rebels negotiated the Anglo Irish Treaty in 1921 under which the British agreed to the establishment of an independent Irish State.
Northern Ireland: - The Treaty was not satisfactory. The new Irish Free state was in theory to cover the entire island, subject to the proviso that six counties in the north east, termed "Northern Ireland" could opt out and choose to remain part of the United kingdom, which they duly did. The remaining twenty-six counties become the Irish Free State.
Disputes about Treaty: - The Trish Civil War was the direct consequence of the creation of the Irish Free State. Anti Treaty forces led by Eamon de Valera objected to the fact that acceptance of the Treaty abolished the Irish Republic of 1919 to which they had sworn loyalty, arguing in the face of public support for the settlement that the "people have no right to do wrong." Pro-Treaty forces led by Michael Collins, argued that the Treaty gave. "Not the ultimate freedom that all nations aspire to and develop, but the freedom to achieve it."
IRA: - At the beginning of the war, the Irish Republican Army (IRA) divided into two opposing camps:
A Pro-Treaty IRA
An Anti-Treaty IRA
The Pro-Treaty IRA became part of the new National Army, while the anti-treaty IRA was not much capable. So Collins and his pro-treaty forces were able to build up an army. British supplies of artillery, aircraft, machine-guns and ammunition boosted pro-treaty forces and the threat of a return of crown forces to the Free state removed any doubts about the necessity of enforcing the treaty. The anti-treaty IRA was defeated. The National Army suffered 800 fatalities and more than 4000 people were killed. At that time, the economy of the Free State suffered very much due to the early days of its existence.
Formation of new Constitution: - On the 29th of December 1937 a new constitution was formed, which called the Constitution of Ireland. It replaced the Irish Free State by a new state, which called "Ireland". On 21st of December 1948, the Republic of Ireland Act declared a republic with the functions previously given to the king given instead to the president of Ireland.
Membership of United Nations: - The Republic of Ireland joined the United Nations in 1955 and the European Community in 1973.

Transformation of Economy: - The economy of Ireland was an agricultural economy of Ireland was an agricultural economy, because its atmosphere and flat farmland is suitable for agriculture. But in recent years, the country's economy has transformed from an agricultural economy to industrial economy. The main aspects of today's industrial economies are trade, industry and investment. According to the comparison, with its neighbor countries, its economic growth was very high; such as it was 10% in 1995-2000 and 7% in 1995-2004. Industry, which accounts for 46% of GDP, about 80% of exports and 29% of the labour force now it takes the place of agriculture as the country's leading sector.
Exports: - Exports play a tremendous role in the country's economic growth. The country is the largest exporter of software related goods and service in the world.
Economic Problems: - With high economic growth high economic problems such as high inflation, large tax burdens, government spending, lack luster foreign investment and low job skills poverty are also occurred.
Currency: - In 1999, Ireland joined in launching the euro currency system, along with ten other EU nations. Euro is Ireland's currency.
Economic growth: - During the period of 1995 to Ireland's economic growth was so high, it was 10% at that time, so many people called the country 'The Celtic Tiger'. But the economy felt the impact of the global economic slowdown in 2001, particularly in the high-tech export sector, the growth rate in that area was cut by nearly half. In 2001, and 2002, the economic growth reached at about 6%. While in 2004, it was over 4% and it is expected to be 5% or more than 5% for 2005.
GDP: - Ireland has the fourth-highest GDP per capita in the world after Luxembourg, Norway and the United States. According to the 2005 estimate, its total GDP was about $167.9 Billion, and its per capita GDP was about $34,100. This indicates that life expectancy place Ireland at about 32nd in the world currently trails behind economic growth and literacy.
The Economic Intelligence Unit's Quality of life Index placed the country in 1st place in its World in Review 2005 survey.
Poverty: - About 10% of country's population lives below the poverty line. Ireland has the 6th highest child poverty rate.

Population: - Ireland's population is mainly of native origin, with the country's only significant minorities having descended from the Vikings and Anglo-Normans. Other minority groups are Irish Traveler, English, Scottish and Welsh descent.
According to the 2005 estimate, total population of Ireland was about 41,48,000, while its population density about 57 persons per sq. km.
Religion: - Religions affiliations is remarkably uniform in Ireland 92% of the population is Roman Catholic. However there is continuing decline in church attendances, mainly in urban areas and among young people. The second largest Christian denomination is the Church of Ireland. Today, many Irish people follow this religion. The other religions, which followed by some Irish people, are Islam, Protestant, and the Presbyterian and Methodist denominations. Moreover, the very small Jewish community in the state has continued to decline in numbers. The constitution of Ireland guarantees freedom of worship or religion.

Ireland's official languages are Irish and English Irish language is compulsory in primary and secondary school education. Almost all the people of Ireland speak English, and about one fourth also claim to speak Irish. Irish is a Gaelic tongue, which belongs to the family of Celtic languages. Today, an estimated 30,000 people speak Irish on a daily basis; most of them live in the Gaeltacht areas of the western seaboard. In Gaeltacht areas, roadssigns are also in Irish, while in other areas they are usually bilingual, means also in Irish and English. Most public notices are only in English, as is most of the print media. National media in Irish exists on TV and radio.