Czech Republic is a landlocked country, which is situated in central Europe. The country includes the historic regions of Bohemia and Moravia and part of Silesia. It is surrounded by Germany to the west, Poland to the south. Moreover, Bohemia, a land of hills and plains surrounded by mountains makes up the western part of the Czech Republic, while the lowlands of Moravia are in the east. Silesia is a lowland region, which lies to the north. Historic Progue, is its capital and largest city.

Czech Republic is famous for its culture. It has rich history. It is also famous for its architecture, which comprises Gothic, Renaissance and baroque styles. Czechia is suggested by the Czech Ministry to be used in all situations other than formal official documents and the full names of government institutions. But today, its inhabitants call it Czech Republic.

Czech Republic has a rich history. In the 1st century, Germanic tribes of Moroccani and Quadi settled here. In the 5th century, many other Germanic tribes moved westward and southward out of Central Europe. Moreover, Slavic people from the Black sea and Carpathian regions settled in the area. Then after during the 7th century the Frankish merchant Samo, who fought with Avar rulers and than became the king of the Slav state in central Europe. In the 8th century, the Moravian principality arose.

The Bohemian or Czech state emerged in the 9th century when, unity had been done between Czech and Premyslids. The Kingdom of Bohemia was a part of Roman Empire. But in the 15th century, due to some religious disputes, like Hussite wars and the 17th century Thirty Year's War greatly affected the local people. Habsburg affected Bohemia and lastly it became a part of Austria-Hungary.

After the fall of Bohemia Empire, the independent republic of Czechoslovakia was established in 1981. This new country included large German, Hangerian and Polish minorities. Although Czechoslovakia was a democratic & liberal state guaranteeing and also implementing cultural and language rights to its minorities, the centralistic state did not grant its minorities territorial, political autonomy, which resulted in discontent and strong support along the minorities to break away from Czechoslovakia, Hitler took the advantage of this opportunity and succeeded to gain the majority German speaking Sudetenland by the Munich Agreement. Poland occupied majority Polish areas, while Slovakia occupied greater autonomy, with the state being renamed to "Czecho Slovakia". Slovakia broke away further in 1939 and the remaining Czech territory was gained by Hitler. About 1,25,000citizens, including 83,000 Jews, were killed and thousand of others were sent to prisons. Czechoslovak government-in-exile and its army fought against Nazis.

During 1945 to 1948, ethnic Germans were under the power of Sudentenland. Sudentenland forcefully removed about 3 million Germans to Germany & Austria. About 15,000-30,000 Germans were killed or died. Only a few Germans were allowed to stay there, who had been active in the opposition or were required for economic reasons.

From the end of World War II to 1989, Czechoslovakia was under communist rule and controlled by the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. But in 1989, it regained its political independence through a peaceful "Velvet Revolution". On January 1st, 1993 the country split in two, establishing the independent Czech and Slovak Republics. The Czech Republic joined NATO in 1990 and the European Union on May 1st, 2004.

After decades of nationalization under the communists, the Czech economy rapidly privatized in the 1990s. it is one of the most industrialized countries in Europe, with mining, manufacturing and construction all important parts of the economy. But some environmental problems occurred due to the industrialization. Moves to complete banking, telecommunications and energy privatization will increase foreign investment, while intensified restructuring among large enterprises and banks and improvements in the financial sector should improve output growth also.

The official language of the Czech Republic is Czech, a language of the west Slavic subgroup of Slavic languages. Moravians speak a form of Czech that slightly differs from the form spoken in Bohemia Slovaks speak Slovak.