Austria is a landlocked country, which is situated, in central Europe. It is surrounded by Germany and the Czech Republic to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west. Vienna is the capital and largest city of the country. German is an official language of the country.

Austria is a federal, parliamentarian, democratic republic, which divided into nine states. Moreover, Austria is a member of the United Nations and the European Union since 1995.

Pre-history and Holy Roman Empire: - Austrian territory basically known as the Celtic kingdom of Noricum. It was conquered by the Romans during the region of Augustus and made the province Noricum in 16 BC. Then after the territory was conquered by Huns, Ragil, Lombards, Ostrogoths, Slavs, Bavrii, Avars and Franks. After 48 years of Hungarian rule, the core territory of Austria was awarded to Leopold of Babenberg in 976 after the revolt of Henry II, Duke of Bavaria. Being part of the Holy Roman Empire the Babenbergs ruled and expanded Austria from the 10th century to the 13th century. After Frederick II, Duke of Austria died in 1246, Rudolf I of Habsburg gave the lands to his sons marking the beginning of the line of the Habsburgs, who continue to govern Austria until the 20th century. Austrian Habsburgs held the position of German Emperor beginning in 1438 with Albert Ii of Habsburgs until the end of the Holy Roman Empire. Austria expanded its territory until it reached the position of a European imperial power at the end of the 15th century.

The Austrian empire reached its greatest expansion under the rule of Maximilian I and his son. Maximilian II was one of the older brothers of Maria Antonia Josefa Johanna, who won Habsburg Lothringen, Archduchess of Austria from her birth in 1755 to her marrige in 1768. at that time, she was called Maria Antoninette, Danphine of France. Then after she married the heir apartment and grandson of king Lousi XV of France. She became Queen, when the king died due to smallpox. Modern History: - In 1804, the Empire of Austria was established. It was transformed in 1867 into the dual monarchy Austria Hungary. The Empire was divided into several independent states in 1918. During 1918 to 1919, it was officially called as the Republic of German Austria. After the Entente powers forbade German Austria to unite with Germany, they also forbade the name and then it was changed as Republic of Austria.

Austria became part of Germany in 1938. after the defeat of the Axis Powers, the Allies occupied Austria until 1955, when the country became totally independent. Austria became a member of the UN in the same year. In 1995, Austria joined the European Union and in 1999 it adopted the Euro monetary system.

Austrian economy is a well-developed social market economy. Until the 1980s many of Austrian largest industry firms were nationalized. Historically, Germany was the main trading partner of Austria. Slow growth in Germany and elsewhere in the world affected Austria slowing its growth to 0.8% in 2001. After that Austria became a member state of the European Union and it has gained closer ties to other European Union economies. Then after Austria reduced its economic dependence on Germany.

German is the official language of Austria, which is spoken by about 88.6% of the total population. Turkish is spoken by about 2.3% of the population, Serbian is spoken by about 2.2% of the population, Croatian is spoken by about 1.6% of the population, Hungarian is spoken by about 0.5% of the population, and Bosnian is spoken by about 0.4% of the population. Austrian mountainous terrain led to the development of many distinct German dialects. Which belong to Austro-Bavarian groups of German dialects.